The Fatal 10™: Understanding and Addressing Leading Causes of Infant and Child Mortality

Dr. Olivia Johnson

Infant and child mortality remains a significant public health concern, often stemming from preventable causes. Understanding the underlying issues contributing to these outcomes is essential for developing targeted strategies to reduce risks and promote healthier beginnings. The "Fatal 10" framework identifies the most critical factors influencing infant and child mortality, incorporating insights from a diverse range of research.

Preterm birth, low birth weight, and malnutrition are leading contributors to infant mortality. Premature infants face heightened risks of respiratory complications, developmental delays, and weakened immune systems. These vulnerabilities are often compounded by maternal malnutrition (Jyoti, Shokeen, Kaur, & Kaur, 2023; Naaz & Muneshwor, 2023) and substance use and abuse (Wells & Lotifpour, 2023), which impairs fetal development and contributes to poor birth outcomes. Inadequate postnatal nutrition further increases an infant's susceptibility to illness and long-term health issues (Jańczewska et al., 2023; Morniroli et al., 2023; Blencowe et al., 2013; CDC, 2024).

Birth defects and congenital disorders are another major cause of infant mortality. These conditions may arise from genetic abnormalities, such as the presence of extra or missing chromosomes, or environmental exposures during pregnancy. Maternal health issues, like diabetes, obesity, and advanced maternal age (Schummers et al., 2018), further elevate the risk. Toxins, infections, and certain medications taken during pregnancy can also play a role in the development of congenital conditions (Capra et al., 2013; CDC, 2024b, c).